Characteristics of long-span steel structure engineering

Sichuan Chengdu steel structure engineering medium span space steel structure characteristics Sichuan Chengdu steel structure steel structure engineering medium span steel structure mainly refers to grid frame, grid shell structure and its composite structure, (two or more different building materials composition) and hybrid structure (two or more different structural forms composition), in stadiums large exhibition venues, railway station waiting halls, airport hangars, airport terminals, steel structure workshop long-span roof or floor structure, bulk material warehouse, Highway toll booth tents and other aspects have been widely used. The roof of the Capital Stadium is an orthogonal diagonal planar truss grid frame, with a plane size of 99m×112.2m, a grid height of 6m, a grid of 4.7m, and a 16Mn angle steel connected by high-strength bolts. Shanghai Sports Center's 10,000-person stadium and amusement hall are made of three-way grid frame composed of round steel pipes and welded hollow ball nodes, the plan of the gymnasium is a circular diameter of 110m, the surrounding eaves are 7.5m, and the total size is 125m; the plane of the swimming pool is asymmetrical hexagonal, and the outer size is 90m×90m. Tianjin Stadium has a spherical mesh shell with a diameter of 108m, a cornice of 13.5m, and a total diameter of 135m, with a height of 35m and a double-layer mesh shell thickness of 3m. The grid shell structure of Changchun Stadium has a plan of 120m×166m jujube, and the plane of the bracket is 146m×192m. Examples include: Shenzhen Stadium around the canopy (divided into 12 sections along the ring) width of 3lm, cantilevered 25.5m, using variable height bolt ball node double-layer positive four-corner cone grid shell structure; Kunming Tuodong Stadium canopy, width 34m, cantilevered 26m, using continuous variable thickness double-layer positive placement four-corner cone grid shell structure. The active construction of large-scale stadiums in major and medium-sized cities, as well as the construction of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games venues, will provide major opportunities for the development of space steel structure engineering technology in the fields of steel structure design, materials, construction technology and scientific research. According to incomplete statistics, in the five years from 1999 to 2003, more than 20 large-scale convention and exhibition center buildings of different forms have chosen the form of spatial structure, such as Shanghai International Convention Center, Guangzhou Convention and Exhibition Center Exhibition Hall, Shanghai New International Expo Center and Nanjing International Exhibition Center. Some medium-sized cities such as Xi'an, Zhengzhou, Lanzhou, Urumqi, Chongqing, Sichuan Chengdu steel structure and other large-scale exhibition venues and convention and exhibition center buildings have also been completed in recent years, steel structure engineering in this field has great market potential. In addition, Nanjing Railway Station, Shanghai Pudong Airport Terminal, Guangzhou Baiyun Airport Terminal, Shenzhen Airport Terminal, etc. are all built with space steel structure, and about half of the proportion of the expressway toll station canopy adopts various forms of space steel structure. For the hangar, one side of the building needs to be open to set up the hangar door, and at the same time, a crane is required to be suspended under the roof, so the use of three-sided support, one side of the free grid frame is a reasonable structural form. For example: Beijing Capital Airport's four-slot hangar, span of 153m double span, depth of 90m, can accommodate four Boeing 747 passenger aircraft for maintenance at the same time, the grid frame is a three-layer oblique four-corner conical type, using round steel pipe and welded hollow ball nodes, set under the roof, 10t multi-fulcrum suspension crane, the entire grid has 18,000 members, more than 6,000 nodes, and the roof steel structure consumes about 5,000t of steel. Changsha Huanghua Airport hangar roof, plane size 48m×64m, grid height 5m, opening side is 7.5m high four-layer grid frame. The combined grid structure of reinforced concrete winding plate instead of steel chord is a structural system developed in recent ten years, which can give full play to the strength advantages of concrete compression and steel tensile two different materials, so that the load-bearing and enclosure of steel structure are combined into one, both for roof structure, but also for multi-storey and high-rise building floor structure, its form, span, wide application range in the world is leading. Engineering examples include: Xuzhou Jiahe Coal Mine canteen roof is a honeycomb triangular cone composite grid frame with a plane of 2lm×54m, the roof of Jiangxi Fuzhou Stadium is a combined grid frame with a plane of 45.5m×58m, the Xinxiang Department Store is renovated (four floors are added) using a combined grid structure of 35m×35m, and Changsha Textile Building (2 underground floors, 11 floors above ground) adopts column network 10m× 12m and 7m × 12m combined grid floor and 24m×27m combined grid roof structure. A new type of space steel structure combined with a combination of grid shells formed by laying prefabricated ribbed concrete panels on the single-layer steel grid shell structure and then connecting the filling joints to form a whole greatly improves the performance of the single-layer steel grid shell and overcomes the shortcomings of its design controlled by stability. Examples of projects include: the canteen roof of the engineering office of Shanxi Fenxi Mining Bureau is 18m×24m three-way double-curved combined flat grid shell, the top cover of the inverted conical platform coal bunker of Changcun Mine Coal Preparation Plant of Shanxi Lu'an Mining Bureau is diameter, and the ribbed ring type combined spherical grid shell of 34.lm is 34.lm. Prestressed long-span grid frame and grid shell structure is a new type of space steel structure developed in recent years, the introduction of modern prestressing technology in the traditional steel structure grid frame and grid shell structure, can play a role in improving the rigidity of the entire steel structure engineering, reducing structural deflection, improving the internal force distribution, reducing the stress peak, thereby reducing material consumption, with obvious technical and economic benefits. Engineering examples include: the seven or eight floors of Shanghai International Shopping Center, using a prestressed four-corner cone combination grid frame with four bundles of high-strength steel wire cast anchor bundles 20m below the lower chord plane, with a plane size of 27m×27m, truncated an isosceles triangle with a waist length of 12m, and saving 32% of steel after prestressing. Sichuan Steel Structure Engineering Panzhihua Stadium adopts eight-point prestressed short-range linear spherical grid shell, plane size 74.8m×74.8m missing angle octagonal, diagonal column span of 64.9m, surrounded by eight prestressed cables, saving about 25% of steel than non-prestressed steel grid shell. Guangdong Qingyuan City Gymnasium, using six fulcrum prestressed six combined three-way twisted shells, plane size of 46.82m regular hexagon, diagonal column span 89.0m, surrounded by six prestressed cables, according to incomplete statistics, in the past ten years, in the stadium, airport waiting hall or hangar, large theater convention and exhibition center and other fields, China has built more than 30 prestressed space steel structure projects including Sichuan Chengdu steel structure, At present, China has achieved a lot of mature experience in the field of prestressed steel structure technology from the development of stress cable system, prestressed tension equipment development, prestressed tension construction method, structural system and analysis method.